UV radiation, specifically UVB rays, are responsible for tanning. When your skin is exposed to UVB rays, it triggers the production of melanin, a pigment that gives skin its color. This melanin acts as a natural defense mechanism, absorbing some of the harmful UV rays to protect the deeper layers of your skin from damage. The increase in melanin results in a tan.
However, it's crucial to understand that tanning is a sign of skin damage. While a tan might appear attractive, it's the body's response to being injured by UV radiation. This damage increases your risk of developing wrinkles, age spots, and skin cancer, including melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer.
Therefore, while UVB rays cause tanning, there's nothing "good" about using them for this purpose. The risks significantly outweigh any perceived benefits. Safer alternatives for achieving a tanned appearance include self-tanning lotions or bronzers.
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